Sunday, October 13, 2024

We're back from our vacation and ready to report our latest findings on Richmond history.


The old overhead fluorescent light fixtures came on with a sizzling sound when we threw the big breaker on the wall of the Shockoe Examiner editorial and production facilities.  After a minute, laptop screens flickered to life around the room, the massive teletype machine in the back gave a couple of chugs, and a hot smell in the air signaled the coffee maker ran dry months ago and was getting ready to burn the place down.  Sabbatical is over, and the Shockoe Examiner is back on task.

One of the first things to attend to is our correspondence, bulging our email account and piling up like snow under the mail slot under the frosted glass window of the Shockoe Examiner front door.  Many thanks to everyone who wished us well and said they were looking forward to the blog’s return.  I assure you every message is read and appreciated.

So, under the leadership of the SE Editor, Ray, the rest of the staff clatters down the stairs and out into the streets of Richmond, eager to ferret out the most exquisitely obscure history bits still running around loose in this town for our loyal readers.  The Shockoe Examiner is back, and the game is on.


 Selden

Tuesday, July 16, 2024

The Shockoe Examiner Revisits the Booth Home, Then Goes on Holiday

This time of year, when Richmond is at its hottest, the offices of The Shockoe Examiner are deserted.  The sun still shines through the tall, dusty windows that overlook the leafy expanse of Monroe Park. However, the electric fans on the ceiling are still, the inboxes are piled high with comments from our many excited and engaged readers, and the once-busy phones that usually bring a firehose of tips, praise, threats, and derision are silent.  The story of Richmond marches on, but the staff who man these desks in this large, dusty room and who gleefully scrape the bottom of the Richmond history bucket for readers of The Shockoe Examiner are going to take a short holiday.

We have one update to offer: a historic site in Richmond and the birthplace of thousands of Richmonders has been wiped from the city map.  


The Booth Home and Hospital for unwed mothers at 2710 Fifth Avenue has been demolished and in its place is a new owner is constructing “Chestnut Flats,” a group of twelve condominiums priced at more than $400,000 each.  Promotional material for the project describes the design scheme as “This contemporary take on a classic Scandinavian chalet is artfully blended with the saltbox style found in the surrounding neighborhood.”


The ”Chestnut Flats” condominium project under construction on the site of the Booth Home on Fifth Avenue.


Whoever wrote that description clearly never visited Highland Park and their description of rows of neat, New England saltbox houses in the area (let alone how Scandinavian chalets might somehow blend with the existing neighborhood) betrays that lack of knowledge. 

Walking the construction site, bits of bricks from the previous buildings litter the ground and pulverized shards of window glass glitter in the sun like tiny fragments of memory.  William Faulkner wrote of layering myth and memory and geography in his descriptions of the Mississippi landscape his characters populated, and the site of the Booth Home seems, beneath its crust of wannabe Scandinavian chalets, a place where these things might still intersect. 

So much joy, so much anguish, so many tears in the buildings that once were here – you can’t but think all this emotion was not contained in the rooms and halls of the Booth Home but instead must have somehow permeated the very ground.  It is similar to the uneasy feeling produced by a visit to the blank city blocks that were the burying ground and slave jails below Church Hill – only there on that now-quiet and anguished landscape it was human tears and sweat and blood that forever stained the floor of Shockoe Valley.

The Booth Home is gone, but its story can be revisited here at The Shockoe Examiner, and we invite a rereading of the history of this place and your thoughts about the geographic persistence of memory, and joy, and sadness. 

The “Chestnut Flats” are just another, albeit unattractive, layer to the onion that is Richmond's history.  Stay tuned as The Shockoe Examiner peels back more layers, other history, and curious events in the long and storied tale that is Richmond, Virginia.

See you in a few weeks.

Ray and Selden

Rare postcard views of Richmond, ca. 1900





This "undivided back" postcard view of Main Street was published between 1900 and 1910. 



Published ca. 1910s.




Postmarked (on the reverse) 1901.




Main Street, East from Post Office, 1906

A nice rare view. I hope they got their visit.


take it easy,

Ray
 




Sunday, July 14, 2024

Shot for a Cigarette – A Sudden Death in Monroe Street

Richmonders have been going at each other with murderous intent throughout the hundreds of years the city has existed. Arrow and ax, sword and dagger, pistols, rifles, shotguns, brickbats, knives, razors, clubs, and bare hands have all been employed over the centuries. Everything from rocks to Glocks have been used to “straighten things out” between citizens of this city whose brief, drunken and enraged encounters often ended with one of the combatants going to a local cemetery. Bars were frequently the setting of these disagreements where somebody was called outside into the street and blood was shed for no good reason. This was the case of 22-year-old John Michael Smith, a Petersburg electrician who, on May 22, 1974, did not return as he anticipated to his home after an afternoon in Richmond. Instead, a photo of his blood-covered dead body appeared in newspapers all over the country the next day and instead of in his car, Smith went back to Petersburg in a box.


Eppie’s Restaurant at 318 West Grace Street, was demolished years ago. This image was found in the City of Richmond real estate records. 

 

Eppie’s Restaurant was a scruffy beer joint, catering to the locals who lived in the older apartment buildings in the neighborhood between downtown and Monroe Park and the staff from Grace Hospital, located diagonally across Grace Street. May 22 was a warm day, in the low 80s, with a slight chance of showers. Ducking into Eppie’s for a quick beer before heading back to their house in Petersburg seemed like a good idea for Smith and his wife, Ginette.

The site of Eppie’s Restaurant at 318 West Grace Street today. The building last appears in City records in 1984. 

 

Also in Eppie’s that afternoon was 33-year-old Kenny Lee Fuller, who lived in Mechanicsville and who later told the police he had drunk between 22 and 26 beers that day. Smith made the fatal mistake of inviting Fuller to sit down with him, his wife, and a waitress who had already joined them. Fuller’s account of the story had him wanting a light from Smith, “And the next thing I know,” Fuller said later, “…he's [Smith] real angry about something.”  

Fuller claimed he left the restaurant to get away from Smith, who followed him outside and slapped him in the face, which Fuller said painfully chipped a tooth. Fuller said Smith produced a knife and lunged at him, and Fuller pulled out a .45 caliber pistol and fired a warning shot into the Grace Street sidewalk. He claimed Smith kept advancing on him until they got to the corner of Monroe and Grace Streets. There, Fuller admitted, “I guess I shot him.” 

Later, at trial, a more coherent account revealed what started this study in abject drunken stupidity: a cigarette. Ginette Smith later testified that she and her husband and a waitress were sitting in a booth in Eppie’s when Fuller joined them and asked Smith to light his cigarette. Instead of a match, Smith offered him his own burning cigarette, telling Fuller not to put his fingers on the filter where Smith would have to put his lips. Fuller apparently took exception to what he regarded as an insult, and looking Smith in the eye, Fuller lit his own cigarette and then ground out Smith’s cigarette in the ashtray. Smith asked Fuller, “What’s wrong with you? Why did you do that?” Fuller got mad and things escalated until Fuller “invited” Smith to come outside, pulling back his shirt to display a chrome-plated .45 automatic pistol stuck in his belt. Once they reached the sidewalk, Fuller fired a shot into the ground and the two men stepped into Monroe Street, just around the corner from the restaurant. What was said between the two is unknown, but the result was Fuller raised the pistol and shot Smith in the chest. Smith reeled around and started to run from Fuller, who fired two more bullets into Smith’s back. Smith got to the far side of Monroe Street and collapsed against the side wall of 400 West Grace Street. 

 

Witnesses were uncertain exactly how many shots were fired, and Smith’s death certificate states the cause of death was simply “Gunshot wounds to the chest.” One resident of the Berkshire Apartments at 300 West Franklin Street, a block away from the shooting, reported to the police a bullet had gone through the window of his second-floor apartment that afternoon. Nevertheless, everybody who saw the shooting itself agreed Fuller was the man with the gun.

          The Monroe Street sidewalk beside 400 West Grace Street where John Michael Smith died. 

 

Fuller was spotted by a Richmond police officer as he drove off and the description of the car and the license plate number was broadcast across the city. Patrolman K. G. Rutherford saw Fuller on Interstate 64 and began chasing him, finally pursuing him to Mechanicsville Turnpike and stopping him at Watts Lane in Henrico. Rutherford later said Fuller asked him as they put him in the police car, “Do they still have the electric chair in this town?” and later moaned in the back seat, “Oh, God, I’m gonna burn for this.”  

Back at the scene of the shooting, Medford Taylor, a freelance photographer, was standing outside an office two blocks away from Eppie’s when he heard the shots, grabbed his camera, and ran down West Grace Street. Richmond Police Patrolman Earl Patterson also heard gunfire and ran toward the sound, arriving within two minutes. Everyone in Eppie’s had emptied into the street, but Taylor ran past the people milling around on the sidewalk and toward another group he saw in Monroe Street. Smith lay on the herringbone red brick sidewalk on his back, his shirt soaked in blood. Beside him, her face contorted into absolute anguish, Smith’s wife Ginette knelt and held the dying man’s hands in hers.

Readers as far away as California saw the photo of the anguished Ginette Smith and her bloody, dying husband in their newspapers on the day after the shooting in Monroe Street. 

 

Taylor closed in on the scene with his camera and took several photos which were rushed to wire services such as United Press International and the Associated Press, meaning Ginette Smith’s terrible moment of agony on the Monroe Street sidewalk was seen by thousands of people all over the country. Subsequent photos taken by Taylor that also went out on the news wires show a barefooted man leaning over Smith and trying to render aid while his wife continues to hold his hand, sobbing. A third shows Smith’s blood-soaked shirt mercifully covered with a sheet as his wife holds his head in her hands and Patrolman Patterson stands nearby, waiting for an ambulance. Such are the abject pathos in Ginette Smith’s expression the photo has an almost Pietà quality as the kneeling, wretched woman conveys the depths of human misery. The emotion contained in the image strikes at the heart of the viewer now, just as it did across America fifty years ago.

 

Associated Press photo by Medford Taylor, May 23, 1974. Note the windowsill behind the woman in the white dress compared with the photo of the scene today.  

The eye-catching photo of the grieving Mrs. Smith was used as a front-page copy in dozens of newspapers, large and small. The caption was always the same, but local editors composed their own headlines, resulting in interesting interpretations. In the Charlotte Observer, the scene was described as a “Death in the Street,” while the Raleigh Register identified Smith a “Shootout Victim.” The Miami Herald pronounced the scene a “Virginia Tragedy,” while The Morning Pioneer in Mandan, North Dakota labeled the photo of Smith as simply, “Altercation Leads to Death.” No matter what the headline or where the reader was, the photo of the kneeling, distraught woman with the body on the sidewalk beside her was sure to sell newspapers.

 

                 Michael John Smith was buried in Blandford Cemetery in Petersburg. Photo by “Dean” from Findagrave.com. 

 

The trial of Kenny Lee Fuller for the murder of Michael John Smith began October 22, 1974, in Richmond Circuit Court. Fuller’s defense attorneys made no attempt to deny their client shot Smith, but crafted a tale of self-defense as the explanation. “I never hurt anybody in my life,” Fuller told the jury, “I thought he was trying to kill me.” There was debate over the distance between the two men when Smith was shot, and one witness testified they saw Smith lunge at Fuller. The defense produced witnesses who testified they had seen Smith in public fights before, and a lawyer who lived in a nearby apartment said he saw Smith moving toward Fuller “like a wrestler would go after an opponent.” Fuller said Smith came at him with a knife, but the only wound Fuller seems to have suffered in the entire encounter was his “chipped tooth.” 

The three-day trial ended October 24, 1974, when the jury, after deliberating for two hours, convicted Kenny Lee Fuller of second-degree murder and sentenced him to 10 years in prison. The policeman who arrested him fifteen minutes after the shooting testified Fuller didn’t appear to have been drinking, while another witness said that contrary to Smith trying to grapple with Fuller, the two men were never closer than fifteen feet apart. Ginette Smith described Fuller shooting her husband in the back as he ran across Monroe Street and each witness for the prosecution further discredited the claim of self-defense. After the jury returned to the courtroom, Fuller remained expressionless while the verdict was read. 

It isn’t known how many years Kenny Lee Fuller served for the murder of Michael Smith. An undated photo of him as a man in his late 40s at a family reunion can be found on a genealogy website. He died in 1993 in Florida, almost twenty years after killing Michael Smith, with his obituary describing Fuller as self-employed and in the auto cleaning business. Fuller’s body was taken back to his hometown of Haysi, in Southwest Virginia, and buried in the family cemetery outside town. His gravestone is decorated with a photo of the smiling, pompadoured murderer, and no doubt Michael Smith would find Fuller’s epitaph grimly ironic: “ALWAYS HAD LOVE FOR OTHERS.”

 

The grave marker for Kenny Lee Fuller in Heysi, Virginia. Photo by Keith Deel on Findagrave.com. 

 

In the long history of Richmond, Virginia, the violent end of Michael Smith in Monroe Street hardly registers at all. His demise took place in a breathtakingly brief matter of minutes as Smith went from drinking a cold beer with his wife to dead on a city sidewalk, shot by an assailant he barely knew over something so trivial as a cigarette. If anything besides incredible stupidity distinguished this crime it was that the image of the sudden death of Smith, his suffering and that of his wife was immediately spread to all corners of the United States – a harbinger of the speed of information today. An otherwise ordinary little stretch of the Monroe Street sidewalk where Smith collapsed was famous across the country for a day and then subsided back into the implacable Richmond cityscape.

 

-Selden




Monday, June 10, 2024

The Shockoe Examiner is 15 years old today. We remember one its founders, Tyler Potterfield.

Last week, Selden reminded me that the 15th anniversary of The Shockoe Examiner was approaching. In 15 years we published just over 500 blog entries on Richmond's varied history. Selden and I agreed that we should mark the anniversary of the Examiner by republishing our blog's first post - written by our friend Tyler Potterfield, one of the founders of this site. You will find the post below. It describes the origin of the name "Shockoe" and its location. 


Tyler leads a Hollywood Cemetery tour in June of 2010. 

Tyler was a planner in the Richmond Department of Planning and Development Review. He wrote, published, and lectured on the city's history. He died much too early, at the age of 55, on April 25, 2014. He was the author of Nonesuch Place: A History of the Richmond Landscape published in June 2009. Tyler and his wife, Maura Meinhardt, lived in the Oregon Hill neighborhood of Richmond right next to Hollywood Cemetery where he is buried. 

Many Richmonders will know of Tyler as the namesake of the former Brown's Island Dam Walk, a bridge across the James that connects Brown's Island to the James River Park System on the Manchester side of the river. The bridge is now named for Tyler and is called the T. Tyler Potterfield Memorial bridge. Tyler was the project manager for the bridge's redevelopment into a pedestrian bridge. We remember Tyler for his friendship and for his many efforts in documenting and preserving Richmond's history. 

I also want to thank Selden for his contributions to this site. For the last few years, Selden's posts, many of which concentrate on the history of the city's architecture and Richmond's hidden crime stories, have carried this site. If it wasn't for Selden's research, writing, and posting, there would not have been much new content here. So thank you Selden for providing our readers with your unique and interesting stories of this city's history.  

We also want to thank our guest contributors, readers, fans, and supporters (including Karri and Susan for their helpful editing suggestions). 

Below is our first blog entry published 15 years ago today. Thank you readers for viewing our site. We would love to hear your comments. 


-- Ray

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Postcard view of Shockoe Valley from Jefferson Park, ca. 1910.

Where is Shockoe?

The origin of the name Shockoe predates European contact, being a modern corruption of the name applied by the Powhatans Native Americans to a creek with a large flat rock at its mouth. The native peoples who lived in the village of Powhatan (modern Richmond) applied their word for stone Shacahocan (as recorded by the English linguist William Strachey) to this creek. The particular rock was a substantial landmark; so large it was used as a pier for small craft during the colonial era. It marked the beginning of what the Powhatans called Paqwachowng, translated by Strachey as the Falls of the Kings River.


The English referred to the large granite outcropping at the Rock Landing and came to refer to the creek that flowed into the river at the landing as Shaccos. Over time the whole area west of the Creek came to be known as Shaccos, the location of many public tobacco inspection warehouses. In 1733, William Byrd of Westover established Richmond, adjacent to Shacco’s on the east bank of the creek. In 1758 Shaccos was incorporated into the town of Richmond.


The modern standard spelling of Shockoe dates from around the time of the American Revolution. It came to be applied to the creek, the large valley in which the creek ran, and the large plateau on the western side of the creek, known as Shockoe Hill. The Virginia General Assembly in 1780 specified that the construction of various government buildings would be located on Shockoe Hill. This did not deter Richard Adams from fighting for over four years to locate the Capitol on Richmond, now Church Hill. Adams owned most of the property on Church Hill and he sought to enhance his investment through the construction of the Capitol. Investors on Shockoe Hill and Thomas Jefferson had another idea altogether and managed to hang on to the Capitol as an ornament to Shockoe Hill.


Richmonders hear the term “Shockoe” in their daily traffic reports and in the names of two interesting parts of town known for their entertainment venues and loft architecture. Aside from this, most Richmonders are probably unaware of the origins of this peculiar word or the large extent of geography it can be applied to. Shockoe Creek for a hundred years has been entombed as the City sewer main, it no longer meanders through a wide flood plain. Shockoe Hill no longer appears on maps or in tourist literature, the way that Beacon Hill in Boston does. Its rough edges have been softened by hundreds of years of public improvements. As a whole Shockoe is a largely forgotten name and archaic word that used to characterize so much of Richmond.


- Tyler Potterfield, June 10, 2009